OK, on with the show.
Statistics don't lie and data now shows how people who golf are in danger of dying because of this deadly sport. Yes our planet is the only one where golf is played and we have more deaths than all the other planets combined. So obviously golf is a deadly sport. Pretty stupid huh! Well that's just how dumb some data can be and if you don't know any better then you could easily be led to believe errant or even intentionally altered data. For thirty years it has been widely accepted as fact that a Mars sized planet collided with Earth creating our moon but finally some scientists have looked more closely at the false data that supposedly supports this assertion and have drawn a radically new conclusion which more closely matches what the data suggests. |
Videos like this one are presented in a very convincing manner. Four potential scenarios are used to explain the formation of our Moon.
The impact theory is expressed as the most viable option but then Oxygen isotopes seem to disprove this option but later supports it as technology gets better. Oxygen isotopes are then supposed to prove our Moon was impacted by a Mars sized or larger impactor. |
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This video is in the same article with some commonly accepted but now considered incorrect assumptions.
Assumptions
This is a primary problem for the large body impact theory. If the entire Earth's surface was turned to melted hot rock then all the water (volatile surface material) must have been evaporated away. |
Sufferin' Succotash! Theoretical Theia gets Thrashed
The Earth formed 4.57 billion years ago indicated by old rock and meteorite analysis. This new study indicates our Moon developed in the first 60 million years of the solar system's formation 4.51 bya and the Moon formed from multiple smaller sized impacts not one big Mars sized impactor. Quote from above study It is difficult to reconcile giant-impact models with the compositional similarity of the Earth and Moon without violating angular momentum constraints... |
Here we present numerical simulations suggesting that the Moon could instead be the product of a succession of a variety of smaller collisions.
Robin Canup's Moon creation model >>>>>>>> Robin Canup was the one scientist able to create a working model of Charon colliding with Pluto. Other scientists attempted this feat but only Robin was able to make it happen. While Robin may not have been the originator of the Theia impact theory, her model suggests the two impacting bodies were similarly sized planets and she was able to successfully create a functional model supporting this theory. |
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Why was Robin able to succeed where all others failed? Could it be that her Pluto/Charon model also violates angular momentum constraints? While it may be coincidental that only Robin could get models to function which other scientists couldn't and now one of those models is proven to violate the constraints of reality, it then seems reasonable to speculate that her Pluto/Charon model likely has similar constraint violations. |
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Here's another model/cartoon created by Carl Franzen supposedly demonstrating how the moon formed from a large object hitting the Earth.
Take note how this cartoon also shows the collision but then no moon forms from the material of the collision, it simply stops then a message is presented that the debris formed the moon. I suspect these models never did nor never could form a moon as they violate angular momentum constraints. Below are four more variants on this theme from NASA scientists but none show a moon forming. |
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Even for Ganymede-size satellites, the gravitational energy released during accretion is rather modest, so that initial differentiation is not guaranteed [Barr and Canup, 2008]. (Ganymede is more than twice Pluto's size, larger even than Mercury).
If accretion happens sufficiently rapidly, some melting will take place [e.g., Lunine and Stevenson, 1982], but the overall contribution to the existence of present-day oceans is minor to negligible. Francis Nimmo is saying that if impacts occur in rapid enough succession some small degree of surface melting water ice will occur but its contribution to heating the interior is minor to negligible. Its a surface superficial effect similar to what can be seen in this image. |
In Nimmo's scenario, impact energy is barely able to heat surface water ice enough to separate the rock from the ice yet we are supposed to accept that impacts on Earth completely liquefied it's entire rock surface turning it into boiling molten lava rock. Impacts on icy bodies are barely able to melt the ice enough to separate out the rock from the ice but impacts on Earth were supposedly able to turn the entirety of Earth's rock surface to liquid lava. These two concepts simply don't align. |
Do you think this impact crater in Arizona created molten lava out of the rock? Sure there's a localized degree of heat even turning some rock to glass. Even if it could have melted rock how quickly did it then cool? The LHB occurred over a 1.4 billion year time frame. The early solar system was much colder because the Sun was smaller with only 70% its current heat output. During Proto-Sun pre-ignition period, things were colder still. The Earth, during its formative years, must have been covered in ice just like Europa or Enceladus is today and science data now supports that fact. |
Our Sun started out small then grew in stages.
Prior to its ignition the Sun was Jupiter size then it grew to 2, 5, 10, 50 times the size of Jupiter. The early solar system (pre-Sun ignition) at some point was similar to the conditions seen around Jupiter. There would have been lots of radiation generated by our pre-ingnition massive Sun/Planet, slowly accreting material en-route to becoming a star. |
Water World Mars
A recent study released September 19th, 2017 shows that Mars had an atmosphere almost as thick as Earth's 4 bya which means it had oceans of water 100 million years before the LHB.
Quote The research team concluded that Mars had a dense atmosphere 4 billion years ago. The surface air pressure at the time was at least 0.5 bar and could have been much higher. Because Mars had its magnetic field about 4 billion years ago and lost it, the result suggests that stripping by the solar wind is responsible for transforming Mars from a warm wet world into a cold desert world. |
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“The signature of water is present nearly everywhere on the lunar surface, not limited to the polar regions as previously reported,” says lead author Shuai Li. Although the bulk of the water mapped in the study could be attributed to solar wind, there were exceptions. For example, higher-than-average concentrations of water were found in lunar volcanic deposits near the moon’s equator, where background water in the soil is scarce. |
The Moon was formed 60 million years after the solar system or 4.51 bya, the Earth was covered in water 4.4 billion years ago, the Earth's magnetic field developed 4.2 bya, Mars had oceans 4 bya and the LHB occurred between 2.5 to 3.9 bya.
Universe-Sci About three billion years ago, small pockets of free oxygen started to appear in the oceans, and then about 2.4 billion years ago, a rapid increase in atmospheric oxygen took place. During this period of about 200 million years, the amount of free oxygen in the atmosphere suddenly jumped by about 10,000 times. |
With the early Earth forming from the same material as Europa, Ganymede or Enceladus it would have had large quantities of water ice on the surface as small to medium sized impactors came along and hit at high speeds dislodging rock and ice from Earth which later formed into our moon.
The water would have then acted to quickly cool the surface from even relatively large impacts. Our Moon has an abundance of water below the surface supporting this scenario. If one giant object hit Earth creating the Moon, this suggests both it and the Earth needed to start fresh without any water ice because the scale of that impact would have vaporized all the water and turned the surface of both bodies molten. If that took place then some mechanism like the LHB has to be employed to replenish the water. |
In the study they acknowledged the fact the small satellites have water ice surfaces determined by their albedo and spectral analysis.
Problem was how do you explain 4 Ga old surfaces which should be dark as charcoal but are white as ice looking bright as snow with spectral data indicting water ice. Simon Porter suggested micro meteorites might have repeatedly impacted their surfaces, knocking off the dusty dark regolith. The double dip at 1.5 and 1.65 in this chart is an indicator of water, the reflectance is the albedo or brightness factor. I added a yellow line indicating the typical reflectance of other nearby regolith covered Plutinos. |
The study displays impact crater chart data "Scaled by 2.6". Scaling the data by 2.6 would reflect impacts created on a water ice surface.
But when I calculated the actual data points on the chart I found out the majority were scaled by 2.1 which is the value used for scaling regolith. This had the effect of sliding the data points to the right. By sliding the data to the right it then helps sell the idea that "the data" suggests the moons are older than water ice impacts would reflect. |
I decided to take Kesi's chart, reinsert all the data points and scale them correctly by 2.1 to see what the true data results would show.
Doing this, adjusted the theoretical age of the moons based on crater counting to the left. Crater counting is a method that's far from objective according to one of the paper's scientist's (1st page of this paper). I then averaged the 2.1 scaled data points for each of the moons individually as well as averaging them all together. While the youngest single data point age came in at 1.85 Ga on Nix, the youngest average age indicator is from Hydra at about 2.1 Ga, the overall average is 2.65 Ga. That's a far cry from the 4 Ga age being sold to the main stream media. |
I am grateful for those few lone scientific voices in the wilderness that eventually produce real testable science data which is shown to contradict this sloppy media hype manipulated frenzied ego driven fictional based data. Go science! I ponder I wonder If only Pluto had a fire hydrant upon which I could lift my leg. What then? Consider the possibilities! |