April 29th 2016
Update May 8th 2016
As a result of referring to the red stuff on this page as "red stuff" instead of tholin, a spirited discussion has developed on Zooniverse. For the record, I believe the red stuff is tholin. Here is a quote from page 11. Tholin is not one thing, tholin is a term used to describe a broad spectrum of molecules developed under vastly complex and hard to precisely duplicate conditions which are influenced by factors such as temperature, ratio of gasses, the state of those gasses (liquid, solid or gas), pressure (which changes the boiling point of gasses), quantity of UV light or charged particles and at what ratios. Additionally, depending on the conditions that create tholins, some are gooey like tar while others are powdery, some are rusty red while others are brownish yellow. some develop on the surface of icy bodies while others are found in their atmosphere. On this page, however, I'm using the term "Red Stuff" not tholin.
Previously I stated that the red stuff on Pluto encompasses the entire globe. I didn't demonstrate how I know this but I will now as I feel there is some good information contained within the patterns of the red stuff.

I will start at the most obvious location first, the equator. This red stuff has had the least amount of covering due to Pluto's rotation along with SP. SP is releasing something into Pluto's atmosphere and that something is deposited eastwards into the Wetlands. This means the westward side of SP is mostly untouched by this substance in the atmosphere as it has been adiabatically stripped away at the Wetlands.
Around the south pole area you can see how the Sun has created a gray cement colored material that is being deposited on top of the Red Stuff. This heavier gray material rises into the atmosphere during Pluto's summer years (62 yrs) when the south pole is aimed at the sun during perihelion (closest to the sun). This seems to cook or bake the material turning it dark and gray. It is easy to see how this gray stuff is being laid down on top of the red stuff. That means the red stuff is older than the gray stuff.
Here are three craters created by impacts along the North Pole area. We can clearly see how the impacts have carved below the white snow into the under surface and there we can see red stuff. The red stuff is completely covered in white methane snow but is obviously below the surface of the snow.

These are young impact sites as the snow has not had enough time yet to fully cover over the Red Stuff.

In addition the white snow on the North pole has begun to change from white to yellow to orange and eventually to red stuff but this process takes a lot of time and this snow is relatively young.




As we migrate further south and east we can see signs of the red stuff discoloring the white snow on top. While this area is covered in snow its thin enough to see a reddish hue from underneath.

Three impacts and a fracture show clear signs of the red stuff underneath the white snow.




Traveling a little further south but still along the eastern area we can see how the red stuff exist below the white snow.

We can also see that the red stuff is flowing westward from the raised uplands down into SP creating swirls and lines in the fluid.
Traveling a little further south and still along the eastern edge, we can see how the fluid from the Wetlands have washed away all the Red Stuff from off the surface.

There are sections of land that seem to be colored reddish but these are not surface discolorations. This is deep into the land it's as if the land ice itself is infused with the red material looking much like iron rust in dirt here on earth.

The land ice itself seems to have deep deposits of Red Stuff that is part of the mantle itself, its not just sitting on top.
This area is demonstrating how the iron like red stuff is part of the deep mantle.

This is demonstrating how long the Red Stuff sat dormant it literally has become a part of the internal land ice called the mantle.

The Desert Dunes exist because the moisture was stripped out of the air by the upland mountain peaks. The moisture that was wrung out of the atmosphere is what washed the surface clean of Red Stuff but at the Desert Dunes the moisture has been largely removed (not totally).

Yet you can see that the Desert Dunes exhibit signs of a reddish hue, looking very much like iron in dirt on Earth.

The significance of this is that Pluto has gone through at least two possibly more phases related to this Red Stuff. Pluto was dead or quiet for a long time then things changed.

In this scene we can see how the white snow is laying on top of the red stuff but is thinned out since it is farther from its northern source.

All of this to make one simple but really important point.

The Red Stuff was laid on top of Pluto's surface a long time before the gray cement colored stuff as well as the white methane snow. I believe the snow and the cement are byproducts of SP gasses that are being released into the atmosphere. This strongly suggest Pluto was dormant for a very very long time then bang, changes take place.

This scene is near the upper area of the equator along the western edge of SP.

In this scene it seems natural to interpret these ice blocks as having red stuff on the top of their surfaces while the white ice along the blocks edges are facing northward. But is that actually what we are seeing?

For one thing, why are the white edges all pointing northward?

As an example look at the top right corner.

There is a large single mountain looking block structure. Along it's top surface are many raised bumps which have white stuff facing north while the southern wall that goes down into the fluid is mostly red.

Look around and you'll see all the blocks are white on the north facing edge,

Traveling a little further south and inside SP we see more examples.

Along these icebergs we can see how the northward facing side of icebergs are white while the southward facing side is still covered in red stuff.

There are also signs that wind is blowing some of the red stuff off the icebergs.

I suspect the white stuff in conjunction with the fluid and its subsequent warmth is causing the red stuff to dissolve and evaporate along the surface of greatest contact or accumulation.

As we travel further south the more energy will be felt during Pluto's summer years. We are south of the equator now so things should start to show more signs of heat energy.


This scene clearly shows how the large iceberg in the middle is having the red stuff stripped off its north facing surface and is running into the fluid.

One lone iceberg has red stuff facing northward indicating it was spun around on its axis while it floated into this area.

One other obvious fact is that the red stuff is floating on the surface of the fluid and tends to migrate along the troughs that line the cells as well as the pot holes or pit holes in the fluid.






Closer view of tholin desolving off icebergs and mixing into nitrogen fluid.


As we migrate further south the scene starts to change.

The upper part of this image shows how the white stuff is still dissolving red stuff off the north facing slopes of the icebergs but there is a change taking place around the center of this image.

In the lower portion of this image you can see how the heavy gray material from the south pole is beginning to adhere to the southward facing slopes of the icebergs.

During Pluto's summer years this area will receive more intense UV radiation from the Sun than areas north of the equator.







Closer view of above image


These icebergs at Norgay Montes still have much of their red stuff on the north facing surfaces because they were so far south the white stuff wasn't able to turn them white before they migrated down to the south pole.

The clearest example of what is taking place here is the iceberg along the top left. It has gray stuff along its southern face along with some red material still attached to its north facing edge.

Whatever gasses are being released from SP whether in the north or south, they seem to partially dissolve the red stuff or at least it makes the red stuff runny.
The land in this area is muddy because this is the summer facing surface of Pluto. The muddy land is pressed and folded by the slowly migrating icebergs, this process is folding red stuff into the ripples in the muddy land.

I am so disappointed to see NASA and Alan Stern still promoting this scene to the world as a Volcano. If you don't understand why I say that please read page 11. and page 48
This is what NASA is calling a volcano which I am calling an eddy.

Here again, the red stuff has a story to tell. The red stuff that is in the small folds of rippled land was deposited into those folds when the muddy land was at the same height as the fluid.

Look along the top of this image where you can see Red Stuff intermingled into ripples in the muddy land. Take a few two mile high four mile deep large icebergs, mash them slowly into the muddy land and you get what we see here.

The red stuff erodes off iceberg cliff faces, it slides down the iceberg and into the fluid. the icebergs clustered together along low pressure troughs and pushed into the muddy land creating rippled circular eddy's.







The Red Stuff allows us to map the direction of flow at SP as it leaves trails in the fluid.

There is also an interesting clustering of icebergs which I've circled in yellow. There are three basic cluster; the middle cluster which sorta looks like two groups that can't decide whether to migrate south or north so they are just colliding with the edge of the land ice and spreading out. there is the northern cluster that shows us how the size of the icebergs on the surface demonstrate the relative depth of the fluid and then there is the group at the south called Norgay Montes. This group of icebergs is elevated between 2 and 2.5 miles high indicating the fluid is really deep at this point where the land ice is being pushed up into muddy like mounds 2 miles high.
Here's an odd scene where vertical fractures are filled with Red Stuff as are the horizontal cracks but the horizontal fractures show signs of methane snow accumulation along with some of the Red Stuff running off the north facing wall.

The vertical cracks don't seem to accumulate the white snow.

In the image below you can see how the white snow is mixing with the Red Stuff along the upper horizontal crack turning it orange. The vertical crack only shows signs of white snow where the crack turns and migrates in an easterly/westerly direction


Then there's this crazy crack below where the south facing edge is white which is opposite everything else we see.
It appears as though this area is perhaps older, these fractures once led into the Dried Western Basin. The white stuff should be on the north facing wall not the south facing wall. If this is erosion then why isn't there red stuff deep down inside the wall of the crack as we see around the Desert Dunes area?

Perhaps this area is older which allowed more time for the Red Stuff to run off the walls and onto the river bed floor where the Red Stuff sits now. I'm totally baffled by this scene as it doesn't appear to match any other fractures. I don't know how to explain what I'm seeing here,

if you have a clue about what's going on here, drop me a note. The only conclusion I can make about this scene is that there are totally different processes occurring West of Sputnik Planum from what are taking place East of SP. Here's a guess, these cracks appear to connect the Dried Western basin with SP, perhaps fluid ran through these channels washing the walls clean but then why is there red stuff on the floor of the cracks that should have been washed away first. I'm back to clueless.
And then there is this set of fractures with Red Stuff lining the walls of the cracks. Initially I thought this was an impact site but while similar and confusing it doesn't seem to be from an impact.

These cracks mostly run vertical, meaning that if they are like the vertical cracks on the western side of Pluto then they should not accumulate white snow in them.

The main vertical crack running from the center southward begins with the back edge covered in Red Stuff deep below the surface yet as the fracture migrates south it appears to accumulate some of the white snow along its back wall.

These south migrating fractures lead into Tartarus Dorsa the Desert Dunes and are the valleys that separate the ridges of the dunes. This seems to be too coincidental to be a coincidence. The processes occurring on the eastern side of SP appear to be very different than on the west.

It seems to me the arid atmosphere is contributing not only to the Desert Dunes with the north south ridges and the sharp angular snake skin like surface but also to this centralized fracture point called a spider (not my terminology but it fits).



In the image below you can see how the Spider's fractures making up the Desert Dunes runs North and South, whereas, the fractures running East and West are primarily in the Wetlands. The Wetlands appear to have softened the land enough to create horizontal fractures. The dry desert while rigid is folding or fracturing in vertical patterns.
Some conclusions
The Red Stuff covers the entire Planet of Pluto.
This means Pluto had to be dormant (dead) long enough for this red stuff to develop undisturbed, uniformly across the entire globe.
The white snow lays on top of the Red Stuff as does the Gray material meaning these are secondary events.
This means the red stuff was laid down long before the white snow or the gray cement colored material.
The Wetlands are the result of gasses coming off SP traveling eastwards into the Uplands/Wetlands.
The Wetlands have washed away the surface Red Stuff but there are still signs of deep underground ribbons of Red Stuff contained within the mantle material suggesting the Red Stuff took a long, long time to form deep within the mantle or else the Red Stuff in this area is dust not tholin and the dust, like iron rust on earth, has migrated deeper into the icy mantle.
The Red Stuff existed before the Wetlands or the Desert Dunes or Sputnik Planum or the methane snow or the gray cement colored stuff.
Pluto was dormant for a long time which allowed the Red Stuff to accumulate on top of the surface but more significantly the Red Stuff built up so slowly that it was absorbed by and is now part of the mantle material east of SP unless the Red Stuff in this area is dust from sublimation of ices as seen on comet 67p.
The Red Stuff is somewhat runny like cold molasses or thick oil perhaps as thick as grease like Crisco west of SP but is different in the east.
Red Stuff mixed with the white snow seems to become more fluid and runny demonstrated by the north faces of the icebergs.
The Red Stuff floats on SP fluid material.
The Red Stuff accumulates along the troughs and into the pit holes on SP allowing us to understand the pattern of flow.
The processes taking place west of SP are very different than the processes east of SP, this is creating differing landscapes.
The Red Stuff west of and inside SP acts and looks like tar while the Red Stuff east of SP acts and looks like dust grains embedded in the land ice.



I see Red Stuff on the North Pole of Charon. This site is called Mordor.

This is an impact site where a red object slammed onto the surface of Charon.

NASA says, unh uh is not. This is cold trapping




This is an elevation map of the North Pole of Charon, which shows the impression that is called Mordor. Look at the yellow and orange raised rim of the impact and the green and blue impression within.

I say, uh huh, is so. This is an impact site.



I see Red Stuff on Nix.

This Red Stuff on Nix suggest Nix is likely a fragment from Pluto, I'm suggesting this fragment came from Pitts' Pits. The brightness (albedo) and wobble of Nix indicates it is not 4 billion years old.

NASA says, uh huh, is so.
Most pictures on this website are from NASA, I only added arrows, lines, circles and comments to their AMAZING images.

​Update 7/14/2016
Here's  an image of Nix with an obvious impact site from an object which was covered in red tholin.

The only place in the Pluto system with red tholin is on the surface of Pluto.

This strongly suggest that bits of Pluto were knocked off and collected in the same zone where Nix orbits.

After some time orbiting in this zone the red tholin covered object collided with Nix leaving behind this impact site.

This also suggest that Nix with its 56% reflectance came off Pluto.

In order for the red object to have developed red tholin it must have been comprised of the same material as is on the surface of Pluto and needed the same long quiet period to develop the tholin. 
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