December 19th, 2018
The material on this page is largely developed from work produced by Randal Carlson, Graham Hancock and a group of 63 scientists called the Comet Research Group.
Some additional information comes from Impact at Hiawatha, the rest is mine.
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What are Taurids and the Taurid meteor shower?
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Taurids are semi-annual meteor showers that take place in June and Nov over a 12 day period.
This meteor shower appears to emanate from the Tauris (bull) constellation. Wiki Taurus (Latin for "the Bull") is one of the constellations of the zodiac, which means it is crossed by the plane of the ecliptic. The 23.5º axial tilt of the Earth precesses 360º over 25,772 yrs or 1º every 71.6 yrs, therefore, every 2,148 yrs we migrate from 1 of 12 celestial constellations or zodiac signs to the next. |
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The equinox is the point where the sun relative to the Earth crosses the celestial equator, this alignment cuts through constellations as the Earth precesses. We are currently migrating out of Pisces (the fish) (This age is Jesus' connection to making his disciples fishers of men Matthew 4:19) and early Christian's use of the fish symbol.
Currently we are migrating out of Pisces and into the zodiacal sign of Aquarius,
Currently we are migrating out of Pisces and into the zodiacal sign of Aquarius,
Hence the 5th Dimension song,
Let the SUNSHINE in
with the words
"this is the dawning of the age of Aquarius"
Let the SUNSHINE in
with the words
"this is the dawning of the age of Aquarius"
The Taurid meteor shower comes from a comet that was at least 100 km in diameter (62 mi) and began breaking up around 20 to 30 thousand years (ka) ago.
Comet Encke is the largest remnant of this break up 4.8 km (3 mi) and asteroid 2004 TG10 at 1.32 km (0.8 mi) in diameter is the second largest remnant. Traveling at 2.6 million km per day (1.6 Mmi) it takes Earth 12 days to pass through the debris of the Taurid meteor shower. Encke is a 3.3 year period Apollo comet (dominated by ices), 2004 TG10 is a 3.3 year period Apollo asteroid (dominated by rock). Both Encke and TG10 are believed to come from the same object indicating this object was large enough to be separated (differentiated) by gravity into layers of ice, rock and metal. |
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Clube and Napier: Coherent Castastrophism -- "asteroids" such as 2101 Adonis and 2201 Oljato, and copious amounts of dust. All ten of the numbered asteroids in the Taurid complex appear to have associated meteor showers and therefore are likely to be extinct comets masquerading as asteroids.
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Comet Encke and asteroid 2004 TG10 are part of the Polana asteoid family group.
The red dots in this graph are the Nysa-Polana-Eulalia family. The frost line is about 2.5 to 3 AU from the Sun. The Polana family, reside close to the frost line and orbit around 2.5 AU. Ceres is the largest asteroid (945 km diameter) in the main belt and is considered a dwarf planet. Ceres semi-major axis is 2.77 AU and has a crust of ice and possibly a subsurface ocean and a rocky core. |
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Objects beyond the frost line tend to be ice dominant while objects inside the frost line tend to be rocky. The asteroid belt is organized by Jupiter's gravitational resonance into clustered zones of objects called Kirkwood gaps or zones of resonance. The Polana family orbit in the 3:1 resonant kirkwood gap created by Jupiter's orbit and gravitational influence. This would have the effect of clustering objects near each other and perhaps more than 30,000 years ago two of these larger differentiated objects collided sending bits hurling toward the Earth forming the Apollo group of Taurids, some of which, impacted Earth. Other's impacted later creating the Younger Dryas cold spell or they were simply gravitationally perturbed by Jupiter into near Earth orbits known as Apollo groups. |
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The Tunguska impact took place in June of 1908, same time as the Taurid meteor shower.
Graham Hancock uses the Tunguska impact as supportive evidence that the Taurid meteor shower is the source of impact material that has led to so many recent historical impacts on Earth. I find it a mute point to suggest the Taurid meteor shower is the source of impacts on Earth as there are plenty of recorded impacts outside the June, November time frame. |
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The near Earth object NEO Coordination Center monitors known asteroids. Currently they monitor 19,261 of which 804 are in the (in 1.5 years those numbers have grown to 22,705 and 1051 (May, 2020)) potential impact risk list. These monitored near Earth asteroids NEA are the ones large enough to wreak havoc on Earth if they impact. However, the real point is that impacts occur regularly and should be taken much more seriously than is currently the case.
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Take for example the Russian Chelyabinsk meteor in Februray of 2013. It was a complete surprise to everyone. Without any forewarning, it just showed up exploded and injured about 1,500 people.
The same thing happened on December 18th 2018 over the Bering Sea. A meteor 10 meters in diameter, with a mass of 1400 tons impacted with an energy of 173 kilotons of TNT. The impact energy was about 10 times that of the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima in 1945. The troubling thing about these asteroids is not that they occur, its that we had no idea they existed until after they hit Earth. |
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On October 31, 2015, a 625 m asteroid passed within 1.27 lunar distances to Earth and was only discovered about a month prior to closest approach.
Wiki It is estimated that there are about 2400 near-Earth asteroids 300–500 meters in diameter, of which about 1100 have been discovered.[18] That means by our own estimates, we are aware of less than half of the asteroids capable of sending us back to the dark ages. While NASA and ESA are monitoring as many Earth threatening objects as they can, they can't monitor what they aren't aware of. |
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In one month, November 2018, 200 new objects were added to the NEO's watch list. The more we look, the number keeps growing.
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Something I struggle with regarding most scientific statements is how most of them assume all activities which created the planets and moons in our solar system took place in the first 500 million years then everything seems to have stopped for 4 billion years.
Our solar system is in a continual process of change. From 1994 to 2013 (19 years) there have been 556 bolide (asteroid) impacts on Earth. Wiki quote A bolide is an extremely bright meteor, especially one that explodes in the atmosphere. In astronomy, it refers to a fireball about as bright as the full moon. |
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This is a subject often ignored and brushed aside with the suggestion large scale impacts only took place 66 million years ago, like the one that drove the dinosaurs extinct. But the truth is, we could be wiped out without warning and without any real prior knowledge at any time.
NASA likes to say they are aware of thousands of impactors as if that's the sum total of the asteroid beehive but there are potentially tens of thousands of orbital bodies and debris that could impact Earth undetected at any moment. |
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Update June 15, 2019
Scientists are still debating whether or not the Taurid meteor swarm is a real thing but an article released May 21, 2019 (referencing this recently released paper) provides strong supportive evidence of the frequency and hazards of the Taurid meteor swarm. This swarm of meteor's are directly associated with comet 2P Encke which is a 3.3 year period comet trapped in a 7:2 mean motion resonance with Jupiter.
Scientists are still debating whether or not the Taurid meteor swarm is a real thing but an article released May 21, 2019 (referencing this recently released paper) provides strong supportive evidence of the frequency and hazards of the Taurid meteor swarm. This swarm of meteor's are directly associated with comet 2P Encke which is a 3.3 year period comet trapped in a 7:2 mean motion resonance with Jupiter.
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Younger Dryas
The end of the Younger Dryas period marks the end of the ice age and is the boundary between the Holocene and Pleistocene Epoch. This period is known as the Pleistocene extinction.
Wiki says
Many species of Pleistocene megafauna, like the woolly rhinoceros, became extinct around the same time period. Human hunting is often cited as one cause.[16] Other theories for the cause of the extinctions are climate change associated with the receding Ice age and the hyperdisease hypothesis (q.v. Quaternary extinction event)
But Wiki is missing a critical component.
While some hunting of the megafauna did take place (certainly not enough to drive all species extinct at the same time as human population declined) and the climate did suddenly warm (but why) and disease may have occurred but the evidence now shows that an impact is what created the sudden climate change and led to massive global flooding and wiped out all species larger than horses. If the Earth's plants are destroyed in mass then the largest herbivore animals will starve first, followed by the largest meat eating carnivores.
The Beresovka Mammoth Problem Quote
Back in middle 1940s Dr. Frank C. Hibben, Prof. of Archeology at the University of New Mexico mounted an expedition to Alaska to look for human remains. The remains he found were not human, but what he found was anything but evidence of gradualism or uniformitarianism. (Uniformitarianism , in geology, the doctrine suggesting that Earth’s geologic processes acted in the same manner and with essentially the same intensity in the past as they do in the present and that such uniformity is sufficient to account for all geologic change.)
Instead he found miles of muck filled with the remains of mammoth, mastodon, several kinds of bison, horses, wolves, bears and lions. Just north of Fairbanks, Hibbens and his associates watched as bulldozers pushed the half-melted muck into sluice boxes for the extraction of gold. Animal tusks and bones rolled up in front of the blades "like shavings before a giant plane". The carcasses were found in all attitudes of death, most of them "pulled apart by some unexplainable prehistoric catastrophic disturbance" (Hibben, 1946).
The evidence of the violence of nature combined with the stench of rotting carcasses was staggering. The ice fields containing these remains stretched for hundred of miles in every direction (Hibben, 1946). Trees and animals, layers of peat and mosses, twisted and mangled together like some giant mixer had jumbled them some 10,000 years ago, and then froze them into a solid mass. The evidence immediately suggests an enormous tidal wave which raged over the land, tumbling animals and vegetation within its mass, which was then quick-frozen (Sanderson, 1960). But the extinction is not limited to the Arctic.
An impact whether from the Taurid group as suggested by Hancock or simply a stray object, caused global climate change, led to the extinction of the megafauna also known as the mastodons, woolly mammoths, saber toothed tiger, giant sloth (elephant sized megatherium) , short faced bear (as large as an elephant), woolly rhyno, cave lions, camels and horses and also reduced the human population by as much as 50 percent. All these events, extinctions, human population decline, weather change and global flooding took place at the same two periods in time. The first events took place 12,900 years before present (BP), the last set of catastrophes took place 11,600 BP.
Wiki says
Many species of Pleistocene megafauna, like the woolly rhinoceros, became extinct around the same time period. Human hunting is often cited as one cause.[16] Other theories for the cause of the extinctions are climate change associated with the receding Ice age and the hyperdisease hypothesis (q.v. Quaternary extinction event)
But Wiki is missing a critical component.
While some hunting of the megafauna did take place (certainly not enough to drive all species extinct at the same time as human population declined) and the climate did suddenly warm (but why) and disease may have occurred but the evidence now shows that an impact is what created the sudden climate change and led to massive global flooding and wiped out all species larger than horses. If the Earth's plants are destroyed in mass then the largest herbivore animals will starve first, followed by the largest meat eating carnivores.
The Beresovka Mammoth Problem Quote
Back in middle 1940s Dr. Frank C. Hibben, Prof. of Archeology at the University of New Mexico mounted an expedition to Alaska to look for human remains. The remains he found were not human, but what he found was anything but evidence of gradualism or uniformitarianism. (Uniformitarianism , in geology, the doctrine suggesting that Earth’s geologic processes acted in the same manner and with essentially the same intensity in the past as they do in the present and that such uniformity is sufficient to account for all geologic change.)
Instead he found miles of muck filled with the remains of mammoth, mastodon, several kinds of bison, horses, wolves, bears and lions. Just north of Fairbanks, Hibbens and his associates watched as bulldozers pushed the half-melted muck into sluice boxes for the extraction of gold. Animal tusks and bones rolled up in front of the blades "like shavings before a giant plane". The carcasses were found in all attitudes of death, most of them "pulled apart by some unexplainable prehistoric catastrophic disturbance" (Hibben, 1946).
The evidence of the violence of nature combined with the stench of rotting carcasses was staggering. The ice fields containing these remains stretched for hundred of miles in every direction (Hibben, 1946). Trees and animals, layers of peat and mosses, twisted and mangled together like some giant mixer had jumbled them some 10,000 years ago, and then froze them into a solid mass. The evidence immediately suggests an enormous tidal wave which raged over the land, tumbling animals and vegetation within its mass, which was then quick-frozen (Sanderson, 1960). But the extinction is not limited to the Arctic.
An impact whether from the Taurid group as suggested by Hancock or simply a stray object, caused global climate change, led to the extinction of the megafauna also known as the mastodons, woolly mammoths, saber toothed tiger, giant sloth (elephant sized megatherium) , short faced bear (as large as an elephant), woolly rhyno, cave lions, camels and horses and also reduced the human population by as much as 50 percent. All these events, extinctions, human population decline, weather change and global flooding took place at the same two periods in time. The first events took place 12,900 years before present (BP), the last set of catastrophes took place 11,600 BP.
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When Europeans arrived at the Americas there were no horses or camels in existence on this continent. Horses had to be brought to the Americas by the Europeans and very quickly the native Americans greatly valued and adapted to using them.
Consider how ridiculous it is to think people 13,000 years ago hunted all megafauna to extinction including the tamable horses and camels. Instead of using horses like a sports car to help them hunt other larger faster prey, they simply slaughtered them all along with all other magafauna, on foot, while their own human numbers had been reduced by 50%, this scenario makes no sense! Image credit Amanda Hukill Fine Art America. >>>>>> |
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The Pleistocene runs from about 2.6 million years before present (BP) to 11,700 BP.
Gradual warming of the planet has been taking place since the Last Glacial Maximum (27,000 to 24,000 BP) but this warming trend was interrupted by a 1,300 year significant cold spell snap referred to as the Younger Dryas stadial period. Stadial periods are cold periods while interstadials are warm periods. These are SHORT time scale cycles. Glacials and Interglacials refer to the 100 kyr cycles associated with Milankovitch cycles (aka axial tilt alignment to the Sun along with orbital eccentricity creating long scale cyclical warming and cooling processes). These are LONG scale cycles. Shorter term stadials and interstadials are defined by the actual oxygen 18-isotope temperature record found in drill core samples extracted from glaciers. |
Distribution of Dryas Octopetala
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Dryas Octopetala is an eight (octo) petal (petala) flowering plant whose pollen is used in association with dating the Dryas periods.
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Dryas Octopetala (Eight Petal)
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From the Oldest Dryas interstadial (warming) time period to present, temperatures have been increasing but during the Younger Dryas stadial (cold) period there was a marked and sudden decrease in planetary temperatures.
Chicxulub ImpactThe Chicxulub impactor was about 9.7 km (6 mi) in diameter, created a 185 km (115 mi) crater, impacted 66 million years ago, killed the dinosaurs and 80% of all life, caused temperatures to plummet, laid down a global sedimentary layer, created flooding from 305 m (1,000 ft) tsunamis and created global earthquakes. And at the low-end estimate of 10.1 on the Richter scale, the subsequent earthquake would have been more powerful than anything ever measured or experienced by humans. “A seismic event of this size would be the equivalent of all the world’s earthquakes for the past 160 years going off simultaneously,” says Rick Aster, professor of seismology at Colorado State University. |
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The real devastation from the Chicxulub impact would have taken place in the days, weeks or months following the impact as dust and water vapor blocked the Sun and hot debris fell out of the sky setting the entire world's forests on fire.
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Image © Mark A Garlick / markgarlick.com. Used with permission
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Comet 67P is approximately 4.3 by 4.1 km (2.7 by 2.5 mi) at its longest and widest dimensions.[10] Wiki quote Comet 67P probably originated in the Kuiper belt and was ejected towards the interior of the Solar System, where later encounters with Jupiter successively changed its orbit. Up to 1840, the comet's perihelion distance was 4 AU (600 million km), too far for the Sun to vaporize the nucleus. In 1840 Jupiter changed the orbit to a perihelion distance of 3 AU (450 million km), and later encounters further decreased that distance to 2.77 AU (414 million km).[43] In February 1959, a close encounter with Jupiter[44] moved Churyumov–Gerasimenko's perihelion inward to about 1.29 AU (193 million km), where it remains today.[14][43] Comet 67P is regularly perturbed by Jupiter and this interaction has changed it's orbit several times. It is about half the size of the Chicxulub impactor and would certainly break up into at least two separate objects as it entered our atmosphere. If this comet hit Earth it would certainly cause global climate change, lay down a global sedimentary layer, cause mass extinctions and depending on impact location could cause massive flooding. These are common signatures of larger scale impacts. Considering Jupiter alters Comet 67P's orbit regularly, it is entirely possible that this comet could someday impact Earth. |
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The Hiawatha Crater
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The Hiawatha impact crater in Iceland could have taken place while humans were on the planet 12,900 years ago during the Younger Dryas period.
Its the third largest known impactor at 1.5 km (0.9 mi) in diameter forming a crater 31 km (19 mi) wide. Another video about the Hiawatha crater
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http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/11/eaar8173
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Wiki
The Younger Dryas was a period of climatic change, but the effects were complex and variable. In the Southern Hemisphere and some areas of the Northern Hemisphere, such as southeastern North America, there was a slight warming.[1]
Climatically, this would be expected if an impactor hit a large thick glacier, global cooling (blocked Sun) with localized (close proximity to impact site) warming (fires). The Younger Dryas was also a distinct period of vegetation change in large parts of Europe during which vegetation of a warmer climate was replaced by that of a generally-cold climate, a glacial plant succession that often contained Dryas octopetala
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During the Younger Dryas period, most northern hemisphere temperatures declined rapidly (in a decade or less) 2 to 6 degrees Celsius (3.6 to 10.8 Fahrenheit) but in some North American locations the temperature actually warmed.
That is to say, around 12,900 BP, while temperatures were gradually increasing, they stopped rising and dropped dramatically and rapidly similar to previously known impact scenarios. 1,300 years after the start of the YD (11,600 yr BP) a sudden increase in temperature occurred. This was the end of the Younger Dryas and some interesting stuff took place on a planetary scale at 11,600 BP. Since Earth has a climate, erosion destroys much of the evidence left behind by impactors but there are other traces left behind that make it possible to identify global scale catastrophic events born out of impacts, such as, wide spread unique sedimentary layers, mass extinctions, climate change and ocean level rise aka meltwater pulse (MWP). |
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Meltwater Pulse 1a (MWP1a) a sudden sea level rise, took place between 12,600 and 11,900 yr BP, directly within the onset of the Younger Dryas' initial cold stadial period and the sudden interstadial warming period which ended the ice age.
Wiki quote The chronology of flooding events found by the study of numerous cores on the Louisiana continental shelf and slope are in agreement that the timing of meltwater pulses. For example, meltwater pulse 1A in the Barbados coral record matches quite well with a group of two separate Mississippi River meltwater flood events, MWF-3 (12,600 radiocarbon years ago) and MWF-4 (11,900 radiocarbon years ago). |
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The 1,300 year period between the start of the Younger Dryas at 12,900 BP and the end at 11,600 yr BP shows a significant decrease in temperature. Temperatures dropped radically 12,900 BP while sea levels rose. This is what you would expect if a large meteor or a series of large meteors hit a 2 mile thick glacier in north America. Material would be ejected into the atmosphere blocking the Sun while at the same time copious amounts of melt water would be created by the impact creating floods.
Randal Carlson has studied a few of these flood zones in North America. I can't overstate just how massive this flooding was, The release of glacial melt water caused global flooding and sea level rise (meltwater pulses) on the order of 122 m (400 feet) globally but local flooding would have been apocalyptic. These next series of Google map images is an effort to give you a since of the flooding scale that took place as glacial melt water catastrophically flooded just one part of North America. This is only one of several flood zones in North America.
The location of this gorge is along the Columbia river west of Spokane, Washington.
Randal Carlson has studied a few of these flood zones in North America. I can't overstate just how massive this flooding was, The release of glacial melt water caused global flooding and sea level rise (meltwater pulses) on the order of 122 m (400 feet) globally but local flooding would have been apocalyptic. These next series of Google map images is an effort to give you a since of the flooding scale that took place as glacial melt water catastrophically flooded just one part of North America. This is only one of several flood zones in North America.
The location of this gorge is along the Columbia river west of Spokane, Washington.
The trees along the bank of the Columbia river are about 30 feet high or 9 meters.
Stepping back from the bank of the river you can see how massive the flood waters were that rapidly eroded this entire gorge.
North of the gorge where all the land is brown is the direction from which the melt water came.
From top to bottom you can see how the flood water rushed through and destroyed the landscape exposing basaltic bedrock.
The flood water ripped the layers of surface soil off the underlying basalt rock. This exposed the basalt rock which was emplaced millions of years prior by an eruption from the Yellowstone volcano.
The flood of water extends beyond this image to the south but this should give you a small idea of just how much water flooded and destroyed this area, it was enough to change the sea level in a matter of days. Anything that existed in this area was completely wiped off the face of the Earth. Communities world wide that lived near the sea would have been flooded within days.
Evidence
The existing evidence suggesting the Younger Dryas was an impact induced climate change come from; nanodiamonds, black mat layer, metallic microspherules, carbon spherules, magnetic spherules, iridium, platinum, charcoal soot fullerenes enriched in helium-3, platinum micro spherules, glass spherules, wildfires, megafauna extinction and human population reduction by 50%.
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Current theories for explaining the extinction of the megafauna is that they were over hunted by humans but at the same time the megafauna go extinct, the human population is reduced by 50%.
Hunter gather's certainly hunted larger prey but would have primarily foraged for food and hunted smaller game and fish as it was far safer and easier to do so. Nano diamonds mark the boundary of the Younger Dryas impact splatter. Update March 8, 2019 |
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More evidence shows the debris from the YD impactor extends further into South America.
Quote from The Day The World Burned
Furthermore, he went on, the burning coincides with the timing of major YDB-related burning events in North America and western Europe....“The plant assemblages indicate that there was an abrupt and major shift in the vegetation from wet, cold conditions at Pilauco to warm, dry conditions,” Kennett said. According to him, the atmospheric zonal climatic belts shifted “like a seesaw,” with a synergistic mechanism, bringing warming to the Southern Hemisphere even as the Northern Hemisphere experienced cooling and expanding sea ice. The rapidity — within a few years — with which the climate shifted is best attributed to impact-related shifts in atmospheric systems, rather than to the slower oceanic processes, Kennett said.
Quote from Comet Research Group. This is a group of 63 scientists from 55 Universities in 16 countries.
The Younger Dryas Impact
About 12,800 years ago, a giant broken-up comet
The following impact materials reach major peaks in the Younger Dryas boundary (YDB) layer
Millions of tons of material, melted at high temperatures,
Quote from The Day The World Burned
Furthermore, he went on, the burning coincides with the timing of major YDB-related burning events in North America and western Europe....“The plant assemblages indicate that there was an abrupt and major shift in the vegetation from wet, cold conditions at Pilauco to warm, dry conditions,” Kennett said. According to him, the atmospheric zonal climatic belts shifted “like a seesaw,” with a synergistic mechanism, bringing warming to the Southern Hemisphere even as the Northern Hemisphere experienced cooling and expanding sea ice. The rapidity — within a few years — with which the climate shifted is best attributed to impact-related shifts in atmospheric systems, rather than to the slower oceanic processes, Kennett said.
Quote from Comet Research Group. This is a group of 63 scientists from 55 Universities in 16 countries.
The Younger Dryas Impact
About 12,800 years ago, a giant broken-up comet
- caused airbursts or craters across Northern Hemisphere
- deposited melted material in the Younger Dryas boundary (YDB) layer
- melted parts of huge northern ice sheets covering Canada and Europe
- halted circulation of massive amounts of ocean water in North Atlantic
- triggered 1,100-year-long climatic cooling, called the Younger Dryas
- contributed to the extinction of millions of large animals (megafauna)
- caused a major decline in human population levels of approx. 50%
The following impact materials reach major peaks in the Younger Dryas boundary (YDB) layer
- Magnetic, iron-rich spherules
- Glassy, silica-rich spherules
- High-temperature meltglass
- Nanodiamonds
- Soot (aciniform carbon)
- Fullerenes containing helium-3
Millions of tons of material, melted at high temperatures,
- is at more than 36 known sites
- is at every site currently investigated
- is spread across 16 countries on 4 continents
- ranges from offshore California to the Middle East
- has no geographical limit to the extent of distribution
- covers 20-25% of the N. Hemisphere
- dates to approximately 12,800 years ago at the start of YD cooling
Clovis People
Clovis People migrated into North American 13,500 BP, just prior to the onset of the YD period. The first spear head unique to this group was located around Clovis New Mexico. A carbon rich 2-3 inch black layer dating to 12,900 BP was identified at ~50 Clovis sites across North America. All the Clovis tools and megafauna (large ice-age mammals) were found below this layer but above it, none exist. At this time the north American continent was covered in 2 mile thick glacial ice.
The concentration of impact material at all Clovis sites (nano diamonds, platinum micro spherules, glass spherules, black mat layer from large scale fires) indicate it was an impactor that caused a great deal of the ice melt, in turn, creating massive flooding in the Americas.
The concentration of impact material at all Clovis sites (nano diamonds, platinum micro spherules, glass spherules, black mat layer from large scale fires) indicate it was an impactor that caused a great deal of the ice melt, in turn, creating massive flooding in the Americas.
The Sphinx
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The Sphinx was purportedly created by pharaoh khufu 2589-2566 BC but this assumption has absolutely no real supporting evidence. Egyptologists assume Pharaoh Khufu created the sphinx during the 4th dynasty but water weathering erosion makes it at least 10,000 years BP (John Anthony West, Robert Schock). |
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At least 200 non Egyptian geologists (especially the original Robert Shock) which have studied the weathering patterns on the enclosure walls around the sphinx concur, it is at least ten thousand years old and more likely 11,600 BP from the time of the Younger Dryas.
The Giza Plateau has been a desert with minimal rain fall for 10,000 years yet the enclosure walls show significant signs of water erosion weathering. According to the geologist Robert Shock, this water erosion is not from Nile flooding or wind it is clearly torrential rain fall erosion. |
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This means the Sphinx was cut out at least six thousand years before the Egyptian pharaohs existed and pharaoh Khufu was not responsible for its creation.
An advanced civilization existed thousands of years prior to the Egyptian pharaohs (3,200 BC) and this society created the Sphinx. This means the sphinx which is part lion, part man, an object facing eastward would have been oriented toward the constellation of Leo the lion from 12,500 BP to 10,000 BP which encompasses the Younger Dryas period. The sphinx was buried almost to its neck in sand for hundreds or thousands of years in a desert which sees little if any rainfall. The enclosure walls weren't exposed until their excavation in 1936. |
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Robert Shock introduces an interesting concept into this meteor impact scenario causing the rise and fall of previous civilizations.
He suggests a rise in solar activity could be to blame and uses microstratigraphy of Greenland ice cores to place dates to within days or weeks not decades, century's or millennia. Utilizing this data from ice cores, Solar activity became much more active 9,600 BC (11,600 BP) according to this graph aka end of the YD and could have been responsible for the upward warming trend. Shock also suggests comet impacts on the Sun would increase the solar coronal mass ejections thus increasing lighting strikes on Earth which create microspherules. |
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Pyramid Meidum built by Pharoah Sneferu 2686-2613 BC was constructed prior to the three large pyramids at Giza. Sneferu first built the failed Meidum pyramid then the failed Bent pyramid in Dahshur then the successful Red (North) pyramid.
The Meidum pyramid was constructed prior to the pyramids at Giza and if the sphinx was built by the same pharoah that built the first pyramid at Giza then the sphinx would have to be younger than Medum. However, compare the lack of water erosion of Meidum to the obvious water erosion on the walls around the sphinx.
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Historian Dr. David Miano addresses these issues in this video |
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From what I've read and understand, it seems to me the direct Earth impact hypothesis carries more weight than R. Shock's increased solar activity due to impacts concept. Shock cites the fact that impact craters on Earth are lacking. But if those impactors hit glacial ice sheets or the ocean, direct land deformation evidence for their existence would be difficult to find. However, debris from impacts are found in the form of iridium and platinum deposits, even though lightning strikes can create microspherules they would not add the elements platinum and iridium along all Clovis sites and spread across the northern hemisphere but comets or asteroids would.
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R. Shock uses increased volcanic activity to explain the platinum and iridium deposits, however, to find mircospherules, nano diamonds, platinum and iridium at every Clovis site where lightning would had to have struck to form the microspherules seems a little too coincidental to be from Solar activity, followed by lightning strikes followed by volcanic activity at each of 50 Clovis sites.
In addition to that argument, current solar activity is increasing according to Shock's chart and global temperatures are rising slightly within a longer term cold period, but we don't observe an increase in cometary impacts on the Sun. Since the existence of complex life on Earth, temperatures have risen and fallen. We are currently in the second coldest global period since 550 million years ago, the YD falls within this period. |
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Robert Shock likes the increased Solar activity idea because it would heat the oceans creating more rain fall which would account for the heavy water weathering of the Sphinx but an impact in the ocean or on ice could produce increased rainfall. Water vapor in the atmosphere is more of a greenhouse gas than CO2. Put enough water vapor in the air and the planet will heat. But as Kennett says this would take a long time. The rapidity — within a few years — with which the climate shifted is best attributed to impact-related shifts in atmospheric systems, rather than to the slower oceanic processes, Kennett said.
Gobekli Tepe
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Seven thousand years before the great pyramids of Egypt (12,000 BP), a henge larger than Stone Henge was built in Gobekli Tepe Turkey. Gobekli Tepe (GT) carvings may support a massive comet strike 10,950 BC, (12,950 BP) right at the onset of the Younger Dryas.
The stones have zodiacal animals carved in 3D, (the animals extend outward from the stone as the stone was cut away leaving the raised images) quite sophisticated for its time. This 3D stone carving occurred prior to the existence of metal tools, by hunter gatherers. |
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No evidence of any human dwellings has been located at Gobekli Tepe (however, only ten percent of the site has been excavated).
Graham Hancock uses Gobekli Tepe's (GT) sophisticated carvings and massive megolith's as evidence there was an advanced society intermingled with hunter gatherers twelve thousand years ago following a catastrophic impact. After a lot of study, I completely disagree with this narrative as there are multiple similar sites within 100 km (62 mi) of Gobekli Tepe. Update 1/5/2020
After learning a great deal more about GT, I am not convinced there is anything mystical about this site. The alignment of the large central pillars are very random. The shorter pillars in the outer ring of walls have been relocated into increasingly smaller circular structures so they are not in their original positions or alignments. The high and low relief carved animals seem to be representative of local fauna with each building dominantly represented by one particular clan's animal. There are thousands of flint stones, bones, rocks and ateliers (workshops) at GT which were used in the construction of the pillars. |
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The pillars are made of an easily worked limestone from nearby quarries. The limestone at the quarry is naturally separated into hard and soft layers of banked strata 0.6 m (24 in) to 1.5 m (60 in) thick, hence large slabs can easily be lifted or separated no undercutting required. There is evidence of processed grains (both domestic and wild) such as wheat and barely which was used to make beer found in stone cups.
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There are more than a dozen nearby settlements with smaller circular henges as well as square shaped buildings with smaller pillars all of which are younger than GT round buildings.
The round buildings at GT date back to 12,000 BP while smaller square buildings occur around 10,500 BP. 
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Between the Euphrates and Tigris river exist close to a dozen sites with T pillars in circular or square pits within communities of square shaped houses. In the Hebrew Bible the garden of Eden or "land of pleasure" is located between the Euphrates and Tigris.
Some interesting reading about GT's potential connection to the Garden of Eden.
Some interesting reading about GT's potential connection to the Garden of Eden.
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The things that are unique about GT is
- Gobekli Tepe was in use for about 1,500 from 12,000 BP to 10,500 BP making it the oldest of the Tepe (Turkish for Mound or belly aka a tell) pillar temple sites.
- There is no current evidence of a sedentary community at the GT location. In other words this site appears to be used solely for ritualistic purposes. Other nearby tepe (tell) sites are found within or near a community of houses or square buildings.
- Each circular enclosure at GT appears to represent a particular clan represented by high or low carved reliefs of the dominant animal within that enclosure.
- No hearths have been located within the structures
- Gobekli Tepe is the oldest of all the nearby surrounding Tepes or circular buildings with T shaped pillars
- Gebekli Tepe's central pillars are by far the largest, standing up to 6 meters (20 feet) tall, other nearby Tepe pillars are typically only 2 meters (6 ft) tall
- The mound of GT is about 150 m in diameter and around 20 m high which is huge compared to other tepes or tells in the vicinity most other tells with circular enclosures are often only about 2-3 meters (6-10 ft) in diameter some reach 14 m with a height of 3-4 m.
- Gobekli Tepe was intentionally back-filled which in turn preserved its pillars and walls.
- It doesn't appear to be near an obvious water source like a river and no springs have been located yet.
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To me the story of GT goes something like this:
Gobekli Tepe was a ritual center or festival site built to bring small nearby sedentary communities together for an annual or semiannual feast festival (similar to Stonehenge) where people performed ritualistic acts, ate, got drunk, danced, partied and looked for a mate from neighboring communities. As each community grew in size over the course of 1,500 years, they built their own ritual center and had local feasting festivals. This reduced the need to travel to GT eventually eliminating the need to go there at all. When each surrounding clan grew large enough, they could find local partners and support local (albeit smaller) fertility and ancestral veneration ritual centers and feast festival parties. In essence, after 1,500 years, Gobekli Tepe finally became a victim of its own success. |
Possible beer barrel containers
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If the structures had roofs then they were not used to align their pillars with celestial objects or constellations. The pillars were most likely used to support a roof.
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To the left is one interpretation of what the round structures at Gobekli Tepe probably looked like. There are two reasons to think they were roofed structures.
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It is highly questionable whether the pillars held any real astronomical alignment significance primarily because the pillars were moved multiple times as each concentric wall was built. However, the central tallest two pillars most likely remain in their original position but their alignments are mostly random and point to nothing in particular in the heavens even though much effort has been put into proving the contrary. It seems more likely, to me, these buildings were used as a sacred place for harvest festivals, matrimony and possibly dispute resolution. Gobekli Tepe was created prior to the creation of pottery or metals, the pillars were formed by stones and bones mostly flint. |
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While it is an impressive site for Pre Pottery Neolithic people, it is explainable within the context of the time. Its not unique in the area except that it seems to be the first and oldest site dedicated to one function - Partying.
Plato's Timeaus Dialogue
Plato dates a catastrophic event which destroyed the lost city of Atlantis to exactly 11,600 BP (end of the YD)
Plato in his dialogue of Timeaus cites a story from his relative Solon dating to 600 BC (300 years prior to the writing of Timeaus).
Excerpt
this legend has the air of a fable; but the truth behind it is a deviation of the bodies that revolve in heaven round the earth and a destruction, occurring at long intervals, of things on earth by a great conflagration (a large disastrous fire). At such times all who live on mountains and in high regions where it is dry perish more completely than dwellers by the rivers or the sea. We have the Nile, who preserves us in so many ways and in particular saves us from this affliction when he is set free.!
On the other hand, when the gods cleanse the earth with a flood of waters, the herdsmen and shepherds in the mountains are saved, while the inhabitants of cities in your part of the world are swept by the rivers into the sea. But in this country the water does not fall from above upon the fields either then or at other times; its way is always to rise up over them from below.
It is for these reasons that the traditions preserved here are the oldest on record; though as a matter of fact in all regions where inordinate cold or heat does not forbid it mankind exists at all whereas with you and other peoples again and again life has only lately been enriched with letters (the written word) and all the other necessaries of civilisation when once more, after the usual period of years, the torrents (a rushing, violent, or abundant and unceasing stream of anything, including meteors) from heaven sweep down like a pestilence leaving only the rude and unlettered among you. And so you start again like children, knowing nothing of what existed in ancient times here or in your own country.
For instance, these genealogies of your countrymen, Solon, that you were reciting just now, are little better than nursery tales. To begin with, your people remember only one deluge, though there were many earlier; and moreover you do not know that the bravest and noblest race in the world once lived in your country. From a small remnant of their seed you and all your fellow citizens are derived; but you know nothing of it because the survivors for many generations died leaving no word in writing.
Once, Solon, before the greatest of all destructions by water, what is now the city of the Athenians was the most valiant in war and in all respects the best governed beyond comparison: her exploits and her government are said to have been the noblest under heaven of which report has come to our ears."
On hearing this, Solon was astonished and eagerly begged the priests to tell him from beginning to end all about those ancient citizens. "Willingly," answered the priest; I will tell you for your own sake and for your city's, and above all for honour of the goddess, patroness of our city and of yours, who has fostered both and instructed them in arts. Yours she founded first by a thousand years, from the time when she took over the seed of your people from Earth and Hephaestus; ours only in later time; and the age of our institutions is given in the sacred records as eight thousand years. Accordingly those fellow-countrymen of yours lived nine thousand years ago; and I will shortly describe their laws and the noblest exploit they performed; we will go through the. whole story in detail another time at our leisure, with the records before us.
600 BC is 2,600 BP, at that time the Egyptian priest said to Solon those fellow-countrymen of yours lived nine thousand years ago putting these events at 11,600 BP (end of the Younger Dryas). This priest goes on to explain how the city of Atlantis was at this time also destroyed. The priest also makes an interesting point of how quickly we forget our past making us like children (mental midgets) and the most learned (scholars with the knowledge of the written word) tend to die off causing a sort of amnesia among those most capable of surviving, the hunter gatherers.
Hunter gatherers make a living off the land, they would naturally be equipped to survive in difficult or calamitous times but without the technical know how of the more learned of society. In extremely stressed survival times, the few ill equipped city dwellers while more educated would need to rely on the mercy of the hunter gatherers for food but would attempt to pass along their knowledge and so, would, over a couple generations, have stories of legend and myth mingled with fact. Without the ability to teach writing or to write or have a need for written words, his stories would become "his-story" (history) orally conveyed until a new generation rediscovered writing. At this point in history relics and mythical stories would be all that's left of a previously advanced society.
While large time frames seem to have separated these climate changing impact and flood events, Egyptian Priests, nonetheless, did have contained in their records how the truth behind it is a deviation of the bodies that revolve in heaven round the earth and a destruction, occurring at long intervals, of things on earth by a great conflagration (a wildfire, a very large fire that causes a lot of damage). Here you have a written account from 2,600 BP describing catastrophic impact events from 9,000 years prior that take place on a cyclical bases.
Graham Hancock and Randal Carlson, suggest. all this information combined points to an advanced civilization that existed prior to or during the Younger Dryas period 11,600 BP that was thinned out by catastrophic impacts, flooding and global climate change. This far out-dates the current mainstream mindset of civilization's beginning around 4,000 BC (6,000 BP).
Plato in his dialogue of Timeaus cites a story from his relative Solon dating to 600 BC (300 years prior to the writing of Timeaus).
Excerpt
this legend has the air of a fable; but the truth behind it is a deviation of the bodies that revolve in heaven round the earth and a destruction, occurring at long intervals, of things on earth by a great conflagration (a large disastrous fire). At such times all who live on mountains and in high regions where it is dry perish more completely than dwellers by the rivers or the sea. We have the Nile, who preserves us in so many ways and in particular saves us from this affliction when he is set free.!
On the other hand, when the gods cleanse the earth with a flood of waters, the herdsmen and shepherds in the mountains are saved, while the inhabitants of cities in your part of the world are swept by the rivers into the sea. But in this country the water does not fall from above upon the fields either then or at other times; its way is always to rise up over them from below.
It is for these reasons that the traditions preserved here are the oldest on record; though as a matter of fact in all regions where inordinate cold or heat does not forbid it mankind exists at all whereas with you and other peoples again and again life has only lately been enriched with letters (the written word) and all the other necessaries of civilisation when once more, after the usual period of years, the torrents (a rushing, violent, or abundant and unceasing stream of anything, including meteors) from heaven sweep down like a pestilence leaving only the rude and unlettered among you. And so you start again like children, knowing nothing of what existed in ancient times here or in your own country.
For instance, these genealogies of your countrymen, Solon, that you were reciting just now, are little better than nursery tales. To begin with, your people remember only one deluge, though there were many earlier; and moreover you do not know that the bravest and noblest race in the world once lived in your country. From a small remnant of their seed you and all your fellow citizens are derived; but you know nothing of it because the survivors for many generations died leaving no word in writing.
Once, Solon, before the greatest of all destructions by water, what is now the city of the Athenians was the most valiant in war and in all respects the best governed beyond comparison: her exploits and her government are said to have been the noblest under heaven of which report has come to our ears."
On hearing this, Solon was astonished and eagerly begged the priests to tell him from beginning to end all about those ancient citizens. "Willingly," answered the priest; I will tell you for your own sake and for your city's, and above all for honour of the goddess, patroness of our city and of yours, who has fostered both and instructed them in arts. Yours she founded first by a thousand years, from the time when she took over the seed of your people from Earth and Hephaestus; ours only in later time; and the age of our institutions is given in the sacred records as eight thousand years. Accordingly those fellow-countrymen of yours lived nine thousand years ago; and I will shortly describe their laws and the noblest exploit they performed; we will go through the. whole story in detail another time at our leisure, with the records before us.
600 BC is 2,600 BP, at that time the Egyptian priest said to Solon those fellow-countrymen of yours lived nine thousand years ago putting these events at 11,600 BP (end of the Younger Dryas). This priest goes on to explain how the city of Atlantis was at this time also destroyed. The priest also makes an interesting point of how quickly we forget our past making us like children (mental midgets) and the most learned (scholars with the knowledge of the written word) tend to die off causing a sort of amnesia among those most capable of surviving, the hunter gatherers.
Hunter gatherers make a living off the land, they would naturally be equipped to survive in difficult or calamitous times but without the technical know how of the more learned of society. In extremely stressed survival times, the few ill equipped city dwellers while more educated would need to rely on the mercy of the hunter gatherers for food but would attempt to pass along their knowledge and so, would, over a couple generations, have stories of legend and myth mingled with fact. Without the ability to teach writing or to write or have a need for written words, his stories would become "his-story" (history) orally conveyed until a new generation rediscovered writing. At this point in history relics and mythical stories would be all that's left of a previously advanced society.
While large time frames seem to have separated these climate changing impact and flood events, Egyptian Priests, nonetheless, did have contained in their records how the truth behind it is a deviation of the bodies that revolve in heaven round the earth and a destruction, occurring at long intervals, of things on earth by a great conflagration (a wildfire, a very large fire that causes a lot of damage). Here you have a written account from 2,600 BP describing catastrophic impact events from 9,000 years prior that take place on a cyclical bases.
Graham Hancock and Randal Carlson, suggest. all this information combined points to an advanced civilization that existed prior to or during the Younger Dryas period 11,600 BP that was thinned out by catastrophic impacts, flooding and global climate change. This far out-dates the current mainstream mindset of civilization's beginning around 4,000 BC (6,000 BP).
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Update March 4, 2020 In this video Dr Miano presents some excellent information that totally destroys this whole Atlantis/Plato concept. Definitely worth a watch. |
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It may be time for a paradigm shift in thinking.
Advanced civilizations may be much older than we previously thought and large scale impacts occur much more frequently than previously suggested. I suppose the question is, what is an advanced civilization? Is it necessary to take the concept of an "advanced civilization" to the ridiculous level while invoking alien technology?
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No!
Carving and erecting massive stone megaliths without metal tools containing 3D representations of animals through an organized agricultural society at a time when we thought mankind was only capable of foraging and spearing their prey qualifies as advanced relative to what we previously believed possible, however, not mystical or magical. |
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These drawings representing life 13,000 years ago when the woolly mammoth and woolly rhinoceros still existed show how we depict our ancestors as simple minded brutes.
But instead, what it really shows is how simple minded we are today. |
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Isn't it time to take this cosmic mass destruction impact threat seriously?